Online Threats and Malware
Learn about harmful software like adware and ransomware, how hidden URLs work, and simple habits to stay safe online.
Lesson content
Summary
Malware is harmful software installed without your permission. Scammers use it to steal information, lock your devices, or trick you into calling fake support.
Adware
Adware displays fake virus warnings on your screen. It often tells victims to call fake technical support. The "support" person may ask for remote access to your computer or payment for fake repairs.
Ransomware
Ransomware locks your computer and criminals demand payment to unlock it. Never pay ransom — contact a trusted technology helper instead.
Hidden URLs
Shortened links may hide dangerous websites. Always verify links before clicking. If you are unsure, do not click — go to the official website yourself.
Safety Tips
Never download software from pop-up advertisements.
Step-by-step actions
- Never download software from pop-up advertisements.
- Close pop-up warnings using Task Manager or by shutting down safely — do not call the number shown.
- Verify shortened links before clicking — hover to preview or go to the official site directly.
- Keep your operating system and security software updated.
- Ask a trusted helper if you are unsure about a warning on your screen.
Related lessons
Keep learning with these related topics.
Understanding Identity Theft
Learn what identity theft is, how criminals use stolen information, warning signs to watch for, and steps to prevent it.
What Is a Tech Support Scam?
Learn how fake computer warnings, pop-ups, and support calls try to trick people into giving access or money.
Medicare and Healthcare Fraud
Learn about common Medicare fraud schemes — genetic testing scams, equipment billing fraud, upcoding, and medical identity theft — and how to protect yourself in Hawaii.
Phantom Hacker Scams: When Tech Support Becomes a Banking Scam
Learn how fake tech support scams can turn into fake banking emergencies involving "safe accounts," cash, gold, couriers, and Bitcoin ATMs.